An update to one of the most important manuals in mental health - known as the bible of psychiatry - has been unveiled.
Controversy and criticism have surrounded work on the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
Critics say the rulebook considers mental illnesses normal behavior, like grief or childhood temper tantrums.
Glossary:
update – atualização
mental health – saúde mental
known as – conhecido como
has been unveiled – foi revelado
controversy – controvérsia, polêmica
criticism – críticas
have surrounded – rodeiam
rulebook – manual
mental illnesses – doenças mentais
behavior – comportamento
grief – pesar, luto
childhood – infância
temper tantrums – birras
Click here to read more Scientists say the recent downturn in the rate of global warming will lead to lower temperature rises in the short-term.
Since 1998, there has been an unexplained "standstill" in the heating of the Earth's atmosphere.
Writing in Nature Geoscience, the researchers say this will reduce predicted warming in the coming decades.
Glossary:
downturn – abrandamento
rate – índice
global warming – aquecimento global
lead – levar
lower – mais baixos
rises – aumentos
short-term – curto prazo
unexplained – inexplicável
standstill – paralização
heating – aquecimento
researchers – pesquisadores
reduce – reduzir
coming – próximas
Click here to read more Too little sleep increases the risk of car crashes for young drivers, a new study confirms.
In the study, drivers ages 17 to 24 who reported sleeping six or fewer hours per night were about 20 percent more likely to be involved in a car crash over a two-year period, compared with those who slept more than six hours a night.
Glossary:
too little sleep – muito pouco tempo de sono
crashes – batidas, acidentes
young drivers – motoristas jovens
ages – de idades
fewer – menos
likely – propensos
over – ao longo de
Click here to read more A Navy dolphin training to look for mines off the coast of San Diego found a museum-worthy 19th-century torpedo on the seafloor, military officials said.
The brass-coated, retro wonder of technology was one of the first self-propelled torpedoes used by the U.S. Navy. Just 50 of these so-called Howell torpedoes were made and only one other example has beenrecovered; it sits in the Naval Undersea Museum in Keyport, Washington, outside of Seattle.
Glossary:
Navy – Marinha
dolphin – golfino
look for – procurar
mines – minas, explosivos
coast – litoral
museum-worthy – digno de museu
19th-century – século IXX
brass-coated – revestida com bronze
wonder – maravilha
self-propelled – de auto-propulsão
so-called – chamadosrecovered – recuperado
outside – fora
Click here to read more Boys who are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in elementary school are more likely to grow up to be obese adults than those who don't have the condition, a new study suggests.
Researchers surveyed two groups of 41-year-old men and found those with a history of ADHD were 19 pounds heavier than their non-ADHD counterparts, on average.
Glossary:
diagnosed – diagnosticadas
attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder - transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade
elementary – primária
likely – propensos
grow up – crescerem
researchers – pesquisadores
surveyed – examinaram
pounds – libras (1Lb = 453gr)
heavier – mais pesados
counterparts – companheiros
on average – em média
Click here to read more A study showing how ants tunnel their way through confined spaces could aid the design of search-and-rescue robots, according to US scientists.
A team from the Georgia Institute of Technology found ants can use their antennae as "extra limbs" to catch themselves when they fall, and can build stable tunnels in loose sand.
Researchers used high speed cameras to record in detail this behavior.
Glossary:
showing – mostrando
tunnel – fazem túneis
way – caminho
through – através
aid – auxiliar
search-and-rescue – busca e resgate
according to – de acordo com
team – equipe
ants – formigas
antennae – antenas
extra limbs – membros extras
catch themselves – segurarem-se
fall – caem
build – construer
stable – estáveis
loose sand – areia solta
researchers – pesquisadores
high speed cameras – câmeras de alta velocidade
record – gravar
behavior – comportamento
Click here to read more Sticking to a Mediterranean diet may not just be good for your heart, it may be good for your brain as well, according to a new study.
Researchers in Spain followed more than 1,000 people for six and a half years, and found that participants who were on a Mediterranean diet and supplemented that diet with extra nuts or olive oil performed better on cognitive tests at the end of the study period than the control group, which followed a lower-fat diet.
Glossary:
sticking to – ater-se, manter
heart – coração
brain – cérebro
as well – também
according to – de acordo com
researchers – pesquisadores
followed – acompanharam
a half – meio
nuts – nozes, castanhas
performed better – tinham melhor performance
lower-fat diet – dieta com menos gordura
Click here to read more Premature birth may interrupt vital brain development processes, medical scans reveal.
Researchers at King's College London scanned 55 premature infants and 10 babies born at full term, using a novel type of MRI scan.
The brain scans showed arrested development in the premature babies at a key stage of maturation.
Glossary:
birth – nascimento
brain development – desenvolvimento cerebral
scans – exames
reveal – revelam
researchers – pesquisadores
infants – bebês
born at full term – nascidos a termo, no tempo certo
novel – novo, inovador
MRI scan – exame de ressonância magnética
showed – mostrou
arrested development – bloqueio de desenvolvimento
key – essencial
stage of maturation – estágio de amadurecimento
Click here to read more The puzzle of why the penguin is unable to fly may have finally been solved.
Researchers believe that the bird's underwater prowess may have cost it its ability to fly.
By looking at seabirds closely related to the penguin, scientists confirmed that a wing that is good for flying cannot also be good for diving and swimming.
Glossary:
puzzle – dúvida, mistério
unable – incapazes
fly – voar
solved – solucionado
researchers – pesquisadores
believe – acreditam
underwater prowess – habilidades aquáticas
have cost – ter custado
looking at – examinando
seabirds – aves marinhas
closely related – próximos
wing – asa
cannot also be good – não pode ser boa
diving – mergulhar
swimming – nadar
Click here to read more Chinese scientists have acquired new insights into how white tigers get their coloration.
The researchers have traced the cause to a single change in a gene known to drive pigmentation in a host of animals, including humans.
White tigers are a rare variant of the customary orange Bengal sub-species.
Glossary:
have acquired – obtiveram
insights – conhecimentos, percepções
white tigers – tigres broncos
researchers – pesquisadores
have traced – traçaram
single – única
change – mudança
known – conhecido
drive pigmentation – controlar pigmentação
host – série
rare variant – variação rara
customary – comum
Click here to read more 
